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Impact evaluation
IEb19

Does building more toilets stop the spread of disease? Impact evidence from India

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Over one-third of the 2.5 billion people worldwide who do not have access to improved sanitation live in India. Nearly 69 of the population open defecation. Typically, the government of India’s national sanitation schemes on building more latrines for reducing open defecation, health-related illness and child malnutrition.

A 3ie-funded impact evaluation research team used a cluster- controlled trial to evaluate the government’s Total Sanitation Campaign in Odisha, India to see if latrine coverage did indeed reduce exposure to disease. The intervention households in villages by high levels of open defecation to build and use latrines. The study was conducted between May 2010 and December 2013, involving more than 50,000 individuals in 100 villages.

Key policy messages 

  • The study results show that the assumption that more latrines will reduce exposure to pathogens, and therefore disease, does not necessarily hold true. 
  • During the study period, latrine coverage in the intervention villages increased from 9 of households to 63 per cent, compared to an increase from 8 per cent to 12 per cent in the control villages.
  • The increase in latrine coverage did not prevent or reduce soil-transmitted helminth infection in the intervention villages. The seven-day prevalence of reported in children younger than 5 years was 8.8 percent in the intervention group and 9.1 percent in the control group.

Low-cost approaches for creating informed demand for insurance

Low-cost approaches for creating informed demand for insurance

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie 2025  
This brief discusses the findings of a randomized controlled trial that tested the effectiveness of index-based livestock insurance and its impacts.

KhetScore: Impacts of Using Digital Technologies to Unlock Credit and Insurance for Marginal Farmers in Odisha

KhetScore: Impacts of Using Digital Technologies to Unlock Credit and Insurance for Marginal Farmers in Odisha

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie 2025  
This brief disscusses the findings of an impact evaluation of KhetScore, an innovative tool that employs digital technologies to unlock credit and insurance for small and marginal farmers in the state of Odisha, India.

Picture-based crop insurance: Using smartphone camera data for claims verification in India

Picture-based crop insurance: Using smartphone camera data for claims verification in India

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie 2025  
This brief discusses the findings of an impact evaluation of a picture-based crop insurance scheme that uses smartphone camera data for claims verification in India.

Empirical assessment of EBRD’s COVID-19 response package bolstered recipient bank’s lending activities by providing essential liquidity support

Empirical assessment of EBRD’s COVID-19 response package bolstered recipient bank’s lending activities by providing essential liquidity support

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie 2024  
The authors of this brief examine the effectiveness of emergency liquidity support for improving lending and performance-related outcomes for banks under the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

Impacts of judicial reforms to address court congestion and delays in justice in the Philippines

Impacts of judicial reforms to address court congestion and delays in justice in the Philippines

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie 2021  
This brief summarizes findings from three impact evaluations that assess whether the Philippine Supreme Court-initiated reforms in technology and case management practices improve court efficiency and reduce congestion and delays.

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  • DOI : 10.23846/PB201524

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